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summa15 [2016/01/31 19:52] clodoveu created |
summa15 [2017/05/14 18:26] (current) clodoveu |
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| * [[etc|Back to Offline Hours]] | * [[etc|Back to Offline Hours]] | ||
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| + | * [[calc|Back to Mechanical Calculators]] | ||
| I purchased this machine in January 2016 at an online auction site. Even though the vendor warned in his ad that the machine was not working at all, its exterior appearance was good, the case was intact and all the keys were present. | I purchased this machine in January 2016 at an online auction site. Even though the vendor warned in his ad that the machine was not working at all, its exterior appearance was good, the case was intact and all the keys were present. | ||
| - | Upon arrival, the machine actually did not work at all. All number keys were firmly stuck, the main lever was completely loose and the joystick was locked in the total (*) position. The ribbon was completely dry, moldy and immobile. The only working part was the paper advance mechanism. | + | Upon arrival, all number keys were firmly stuck, the main lever was completely loose and the joystick was locked in the total (*) position. The ribbon was completely dry, moldy and immobile. The only working part was the manual paper advance mechanism. |
| I bought this machine in hopes it would give me some clues to repair an Olivetti Summa Prima 20, manufactured about 16 years later. However, the machine is very different internally, although the working principles are the same and the same engineer designed both. I find both the Olivetti Summa 15 and the Summa Prima 20 to be more dependent on good lubrication and maintenance than the FACITs. Olivetti resorts many times to mechanisms that are more fail-prone, if lubrication isn't very good. There are also more clips, slots, rivets, and less regular standardized screws. Maybe FACIT's tolerances are lower, or the machining is superior, but I found Olivettis much more dependent on fine tuning than the FACITs. | I bought this machine in hopes it would give me some clues to repair an Olivetti Summa Prima 20, manufactured about 16 years later. However, the machine is very different internally, although the working principles are the same and the same engineer designed both. I find both the Olivetti Summa 15 and the Summa Prima 20 to be more dependent on good lubrication and maintenance than the FACITs. Olivetti resorts many times to mechanisms that are more fail-prone, if lubrication isn't very good. There are also more clips, slots, rivets, and less regular standardized screws. Maybe FACIT's tolerances are lower, or the machining is superior, but I found Olivettis much more dependent on fine tuning than the FACITs. | ||
| - | Anyway, the Summa 15 was stuck exclusively due to old lubrication. It seemed the machine was lubricated with molasses. Many parts did not move, some only in slow motion. Using lots of patience and kerosene, | + | Anyway, the Summa 15 was stuck exclusively due to old lubrication. It seemed the machine was lubricated with molasses or glue. Many parts did not move, some only in slow motion. Using lots of patience and kerosene, I managed to get the main mechanisms unstuck, only to be able to identify functions and prepare for disassembly. It turned out that the Summa 15 has a rather modular design, with sections such as the keyboard and the paper handling mechanisms attached by just a few screws and springs. The keyboard carriage, however, had to be forcibly unstuck -- after cleaning the old grease/glue, it worked smoothly. |
| + | Later on I disassembled the main lever locks, the ribbon carriages and some assorted locks and levers. Many small parts went through the ultrasonic washer. The counting gears and the printer were OK, except for locks and articulations that were stuck at first, but the kerosene wash and lubrication were enough to get them working properly. Thus, the disassembly of this machine was not total, but I intend to do it in the future. Some small articulations have a decisive role in the result of the calculations, including mechanisms to avoid printing left zeroes, negative balance adjustments, and the hammers that press the moving types in the printer. | ||
| + | As opposed to the FACITs, this and other Olivetti machines include mechanisms to perform tens complement automatically and print correct negative sums. In the FACITs, the operator is required to do a back transfer and a subtraction to get the negative result. | ||
| - | The Summa 15 model 10-04 model was the very last manual calculator manufactured by Facit in Sweden. The model is very similar to the CM2-16, with the same specs, and a few external differences, including a plastic cover. It has a handle that pops out in the lower front to help moving the machine around in an office desk. | + | There's no reference as to the year of manufacture, but the Summa 15 was introduced in 1949, and was popular throughout the 1950s. Since the more modern Summa Prima 20 was manufactured in Argentina from the early 1960s, I think it's safe to assume that this machine dates back to the early 1950s. The Summa 15 was also manufactured in Brazil for a period, but I have no precise information on that so far. This unit was made in Italy, and remained in operation in Brazil until 1984 -- at least, that is the date marked on an inspection stamp posted inside the ribbon cover. |
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| - | This one is in pretty good shape, but the lubrication inside is the most deteriorated I have seen. Much grease has been applied, and it hardened in some parts. When I got it, it was completely stuck. Some directed cleaning and a thorough spray of kerosene have loosened part of the main subsystems, but it was not nearly enough. A full disassembly and cleaning was required, so that the machine could operate smoothly again. | + | |
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| - | I finally got around to disassembling, cleaning and reassembling the machine in January 2014. Inside, most parts are yellowish, I guess from zinc plating. This plating has reduced the number of stains in the sheet metal parts, but most of the problem was, again, the old lubricants. I experimented this time with a small and cheap ultrasonic cleaning device, using kerosene as a solvent (see photo below). It worked very well, especially with gears, screws and other parts with holes and details that are hard to get at with a brush or a cleaning cloth. | + | |
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| - | I noticed some other minor differences from the CM2-16, most of which related to the new plastic cover. Some rubber parts were deteriorated, but I was lucky in finding/rigging adequate replacements for the rubber rollers in the back and for the feet in the front. Overall, I prefer the style of the CM2-16's cover and buttons, but after the renovation the 10-04 works slightly better. Maybe I'll get to work again on the CM2-16 in the near future, mainly trying to make its transfer mechanism smoother, possibly with the aid of the ultrasonic cleaner. | + | |
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| - | There's no reference as to the year of manufacture, but the 10-04 model was produced in Facit's final years of operation in Sweden, between 1967 and 1969 ([[http://www.xnumber.com/xnumber/facit_1004.htm | details here]] and [[http://home.vicnet.net.au/~wolff/calculators/Facit/Facit.htm|here]]). | + | |
| **Have a mechanical calculator stored somewhere, and want to get rid of it? Send it to me!** | **Have a mechanical calculator stored somewhere, and want to get rid of it? Send it to me!** | ||
| - | **c1969 FACIT 10-04 s/n 1953833 ** | + | **c1950 Olivetti Summa 15 s/n 470934 ** |
| - | As purchased, in January 2013 | + | As purchased, in January 2016. Not bad on the outside, but completely locked up |
| - | {{ http://www.dcc.ufmg.br/~clodoveu/files/Images/FACIT-1004/FACIT-1004-1.jpg | As purchased}} | + | {{ http://www.dcc.ufmg.br/~clodoveu/files/Images/Summa15/Summa15-1.jpg | As purchased}} |
| Detail of the degraded lubrication | Detail of the degraded lubrication | ||
| - | {{ http://www.dcc.ufmg.br/~clodoveu/files/Images/FACIT-1004/FACIT-1004-2.jpg | Detail of the degraded lubrication}} | + | {{ http://www.dcc.ufmg.br/~clodoveu/files/Images/Summa15/Summa15-2.jpg | Detail of the degraded lubrication}} |
| Insides, pre-cleaning | Insides, pre-cleaning | ||
| - | {{ http://www.dcc.ufmg.br/~clodoveu/files/Images/FACIT-1004/FACIT-1004-3.jpg | Insides, pre-cleaning }} | + | {{ http://www.dcc.ufmg.br/~clodoveu/files/Images/Summa15/Summa15-3.jpg | Insides, pre-cleaning }} |
| - | Right side, partial disassembly | + | Partial disassembly, pin board visible. The pins are set by the keys on the top, shifting them to the bottom. There the pins are captured by longitudinal bars when the main lever is operated, transmitting the digit to the printer, to counting gears and to the accumulator at the back. |
| - | {{ http://www.dcc.ufmg.br/~clodoveu/files/Images/FACIT-1004/FACIT-1004-4.jpg | Right side }} | + | {{ http://www.dcc.ufmg.br/~clodoveu/files/Images/Summa15/Summa15-4.jpg | Pin board }} |
| - | Left side, view of the reset mechanisms | + | Curiously, the serial number of this machine is on the inside. |
| - | {{ http://www.dcc.ufmg.br/~clodoveu/files/Images/FACIT-1004/FACIT-1004-5.jpg | Left side }} | + | {{ http://www.dcc.ufmg.br/~clodoveu/files/Images/Summa15/Summa15-5.jpg | Serial number }} |
| - | Back left corner locking mechanisms | + | Label posted in the back of the ribbon cover, indicating its last maintenance: April 1984! It's surprising that a manual machine has been used for that long. In 1984 programmable calculators were common, and small electronic printing calculators were very cheap already. |
| - | {{ http://www.dcc.ufmg.br/~clodoveu/files/Images/FACIT-1004/FACIT-1004-6.jpg | Back left corner locking mechanisms }} | + | {{ http://www.dcc.ufmg.br/~clodoveu/files/Images/Summa15/Summa15-6.jpg | Maintenance label }} |
| - | Back left corner, almost fully disassembled | + | Curious and artsy ad for the Summa 15. Reminds me of "Mad Men", the TV series. |
| - | {{ http://www.dcc.ufmg.br/~clodoveu/files/Images/FACIT-1004/FACIT-1004-7.jpg | Back left corner }} | + | {{ http://www.dcc.ufmg.br/~clodoveu/files/Images/Summa15/Summa15-7.jpg | Olivetti Summa 15 ad }} |
| - | The 10-04 is almost identical to the CM2-16, but notice that many parts of the 10-04 are yellow from zinc plating, while CM2-16 parts have a natural steel color. | + | A look at the double set of counting gears, one for the individual entries, the other serves as an accumulator. Notice the carry teeth between the gears. |
| - | {{ http://www.dcc.ufmg.br/~clodoveu/files/Images/FACIT-1004/FACIT-1004-8.jpg | CM2-16 comparison | + | {{ http://www.dcc.ufmg.br/~clodoveu/files/Images/Summa15/Summa15-8.jpg | Counting gears }} |
| - | Almost ready | + | A view of the bottom, the long springs hide the longitudinal bars that connect keyboard and accumulator |
| - | {{ http://www.dcc.ufmg.br/~clodoveu/files/Images/FACIT-1004/FACIT-1004-9.jpg | Almost ready }} | + | {{ http://www.dcc.ufmg.br/~clodoveu/files/Images/Summa15/Summa15-9.jpg | Bottom view }} |
| - | Most small parts were cleaned using a small ultrasonic cleaning device, in kerosene. | + | Another unique feature is this counter, used in multiplication |
| - | {{ http://www.dcc.ufmg.br/~clodoveu/files/Images/FACIT-1004/FACIT-1004-cleaning.jpg | Ultrasonic cleaning }} | + | {{ http://www.dcc.ufmg.br/~clodoveu/files/Images/Summa15/Summa15-10.jpg | Multiplication cycle counter }} |
| - | Comparison to the FACIT CM2-16. Only small details vary between the two models. | + | Almost ready. The most important feature of this machine is the innovative "joystick", used to set functions for total, subtotal, subtraction and label printing. The joystick was introduced first in this model, and is patented by its designer, Natale Capellaro. |
| - | {{ http://www.dcc.ufmg.br/~clodoveu/files/Images/FACIT-1004/FACIT-1004-vs-CM216.jpg | Comparison 10-04 vs CM2-16 }} | + | {{ http://www.dcc.ufmg.br/~clodoveu/files/Images/Summa15/Summa15-11.jpg | Joystick }} |
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| + | A sample printout | ||
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| + | {{ http://www.dcc.ufmg.br/~clodoveu/files/Images/Summa15/Summa15-12.jpg | Sample printout }} | ||
| Final assembly | Final assembly | ||
| - | {{ http://www.dcc.ufmg.br/~clodoveu/files/Images/FACIT-1004/FACIT-1004-10.jpg | Final assembly }} | + | {{ http://www.dcc.ufmg.br/~clodoveu/files/Images/Summa15/Summa15-13.jpg | Final assembly }} |
| **More about this machine** | **More about this machine** | ||
| - | [[http://public.beuth-hochschule.de/~hamann/facit/f-16/index.html | Operation]] | + | [[http://www.curtamania.com/curta/database/brand/Olivetti/Olivetti%20Summa%2015/more/Olivetti%20Summa%2015%20Instrucciones%20para%20el%20Uso%20(Spanish).pdf | Operations manual (in Spanish)]] |
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| - | [[http://public.beuth-hochschule.de/~hamann/facit/f-16/indexi.html | Inside views]] | + | |
| - | [[http://home.vicnet.net.au/~wolff/calculators/Tech/FacitCA2-16/CA216.htm | FACIT CA2-16, an electrical-driven version of the CM2-16]] | + | [[http://www.dcc.ufmg.br/~clodoveu/files/Images/Summa15/Summa-15-manual-italian.pdf | Operations manual (in Italian)]] |
| - | [[http://home.vicnet.net.au/~wolff/calculators/Facit/Facit.htm | The evolution of FACIT calculators]] | + | [[http://www.johnwolff.id.au/calculators/Olivetti/Olivetti.htm | John Wolfe's Web Museum, description of the entire Olivetti line along time]] |
| - | [[http://www.rechenautomat.de/Facit/Facit_Manuals.html|Operation Manual of the Facit CM2-16 (in German)]] | + | [[http://www.rechnerlexikon.de/it/artikel/Olivetti_Summa_15 | Description of the Summa 15 (in German)]] |
| - | [[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YXMuJco8onQ | Video: how pinwheel calculators work]] | ||
